Ping

IPv4 and subnetting

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What this topic covers
  • IPv4 header fields
  • classful addressing and why CIDR replaced it
  • RFC 1918 private ranges
  • special addresses loopback APIPA multicast broadcast 0.0.0.0
  • subnet mask and prefix math
  • subnetting network broadcast host range
  • hosts per subnet
  • VLSM design
  • route summarization and supernetting
  • /31 and /32 uses
  • ARP process and cache
  • gratuitous ARP
  • proxy ARP
  • ICMP types used by ping and traceroute
  • TTL
  • fragmentation and the DF bit
  • CGNAT 100.64.0.0/10

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